The Impact of Climate Change on the Food System in Toronto

Ronald Macfarlane,Austin Nijhuis,Kimberly Zeuli,Taryn Ridsdale

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112344

Ronald Macfarlane, Austin Nijhuis + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112344

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Abstract

As part of its Climate Change and Health Strategy, in 2017, Toronto Public Health engaged stakeholders from across the food system to complete a high-level vulnerability assessment of the impact of climate change on the food system in Toronto. Using the Ontario Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Guidelines, the City of Toronto’s High-Level Risk Assessment Tool, and a strategic framework developed by the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, Toronto Public Health identified the most significant extreme weather event risks to food processing, distribution and access in Toronto. Risks associated with three extreme weather events that are the most likely to occur in Toronto due to climate change were analyzed: significant rain and flooding, an extended heat wave, and a major winter ice storm. The analysis finds that while extreme weather events could potentially disrupt Toronto’s food supply, the current risk of an extended, widespread food supply disruption is relatively low. However, the findings highlight that a concerted effort across the food system, including electrical and fuel providers, is needed to address other key vulnerabilities that could impact food access, especially for vulnerable populations. Interruptions to electricity will have food access and food safety impacts, while interruptions to the transportation network and fuel will have food distribution and access impacts. Actions to mitigate these risks could include addressing food access vulnerabilities through ongoing city-wide strategies and integrating food access into the City’s emergency response planning. The next steps will include engaging with multiple partners across the city to understand and strengthen the “last mile” of food distribution and develop community food resilience action plans for vulnerable neighbourhoods.

Highlights

Climate change is expected to increase the severity and frequency of disruptive weather events [1,2] which pose a significant risk to urban food systems and the health of urban residents
Toronto Public Health (TPH), in partnership with the Environment and Energy Division, completed a high-level climate change vulnerability assessment of Toronto’s food system with the assistance of the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC), a non-profit research organization working at the forefront of urban food resilience
While more studies are needed to better understand the factors involved, social cohesion can foster quicker recovery in the aftermath of an extreme weather event. These findings suggest that cities need to prioritize planning for neighborhoods most vulnerable to extreme weather events, taking into account vulnerable populations, where food access could be severely constrained for an extended period of time

Summary

Introduction

Climate change is expected to increase the severity and frequency of disruptive weather events [1,2] which pose a significant risk to urban food systems and the health of urban residents. Toronto is at the forefront of cities working to manage the risk of food system disruption. Shared its concerns and recommended that the impact of climate change on food safety, security and sustainability should be analyzed [3]. To address this issue, TPH, in partnership with the Environment and Energy Division, completed a high-level climate change vulnerability assessment of Toronto’s food system with the assistance of the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC), a non-profit research organization working at the forefront of urban food resilience.

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