Abstract
Introduction: Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a simple, validated, and readily acceptable method of determining the risk of mortality from comorbid disease. It has been used as a predictor of long-term survival and prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of CCI score on mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and test the efficacy of the CoLACD score (COVID-19 lymphocyte ratio, age, CCI score, dyspnoea) in predicting mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methodology: It was a retrospective cohort, and the data of this study were gathered from two tertiary hospitals of Karachi, including Liaquat National Hospital and Ziauddin Hospital. Data of patients hospitalized in any of these tertiary care hospitals and diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 infection were used in the study from January 15, 2021, to April 30, 2021.Results: The mean age of participants was 53.22 (±14.21) years. The majority of participants were males (74.91%). Predictors of mortality include CCI score, age of participants, D-dimer, smoking status, and shortness of breath. The sensitivity of this CoLACD score was 80.23%, and specificity was 50.23% (diagnostic accuracy is 60.45%). The negative predictive value (NPV) of this test was 39.44%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 83.01%.Conclusion: Our study showed that CCI can be used in a clinical setting to achieve a prediction of mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Highlights
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a simple, validated, and readily acceptable method of determining the risk of mortality from comorbid disease
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of CCI score on mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and test the efficacy of the CoLACD score (COVID-19 lymphocyte ratio, age, CCI score, dyspnoea) in predicting mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients
In the study conducted by Du et al to determine the predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, it was found that older age, cerebrovascular disease, D-dimer levels are predictors of mortality [5]
Summary
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a simple, validated, and readily acceptable method of determining the risk of mortality from comorbid disease It has been used as a predictor of long-term survival and prognosis. There have been around 240 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 4,927,723 deaths globally reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1] It is well-established from descriptive observational studies that patients with comorbidities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and have inferior clinical outcomes [2]. In Pakistan, where the burden of COVID-19 is high, and the lack of effective health care facilities can delay management and care provided to critical patients, it is imperative to develop and test a simple scoring system to predict mortality predictors and determine disease severity for early management
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