Abstract
This study focuses on the impact of combined catchment and storage upon flood occurrences and flood peaks. A significant factor that plays an important role of the combined catchment and storage is the ratio of contributing catchment area to storage area (AC/AS) where the impact significantly shows increasing frequency of storage overflow and flood peaks with the increasing of AC/AS. Some case studies examined in this work, i.e. Way Pegadungan (Lampung, Sumatra) and NagaraRiver (South Kalimantan) catchments show similar behavior. Swamps located on the sides of downstream of Way Pegadungan as well as Nagara River act as storages during flood events. The dyke which was planned to be built increases the ratio of AC/AS significantly as storage area reduced considerably. This has an impact on flood peaks which can increase considerably. The improved understanding of these process controls will be useful in assisting the management of such catchments, particularly to assist in flood prevention and mitigation.
Highlights
Lakes and swamps form an important part of tropical water resources
Small values of AC/AS mean that storage overflow is contributed more by direct rainfall falling in the storage
This study shows that building a dyke on the sides of a river will decrease the storage area and increase the ratio of AC/AS
Summary
Lakes and swamps form an important part of tropical water resources. They contribute significantly to the water balance acting as storage in the basin. Swamps occupy much larger tropical areas than lakes. Swamps are considered as standing water series in which the water motion is not that of a continuous flow in a definite direction, a certain amount of water flow may occur as internal currents in the vicinity of the inlets and outlets [1]. Lakes are regarded as inland bodies of standing water. The presence of storages such as lakes and swamps in the basin greatly reduces the total runoff, introduces intermittency to the overall catchment runoff response, due to the effect of these stores attenuating or quite often terminating runoff. Smoothed values of the runoff depend on the percentage of storages in the basin and on the annual rainfall
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