Abstract
Diet is a health-related factor that can modify lung function. This study hypothesized that the change in age-related dietary intake affects lung function. The subjects who undertook a dietary assessment and spirometry in 2012 and 2017, were retrospectively collected in a health screening center. Dietary intakes were directly evaluated using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) administered by trained dietitians and were compared at the baseline (2012) and 5-year follow-up (2017). A forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) value below 0.70 was defined as airflow limitation. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs) adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 1439 subjects with normal spirometry were enrolled. New airflow limitations were detected in 48 subjects (3.3%) at the 5-year follow-up, including 41 (85.4%) men and 11 (22.9%) current smokers. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and baseline FEV1/FVC, the odd ratios (OR) for new airflow limitation in fiber, vitamin C, and folic acid per 10% decrease in daily recommended requirement were 2.714 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.538–4.807; p = 0.001), 1.083 (95% CI: 1.020–1.149; p = 0.007), and 1.495 (95% CI: 1.172–1.913; p = 0.001), respectively. A decreased intake of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and folic acid is associated with a newly developed airflow limitation.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized as persistent airflow limitation, is a major global health concern with a prevalence of 5–25% in adults and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide [1,2]
In terms of innate factors that contribute to COPD, multiple loci have been identified in genome-wide association studies [6] and these cannot be modified
We focused on the relationship between new airflow limitation development and changes to the dietary pattern
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized as persistent airflow limitation, is a major global health concern with a prevalence of 5–25% in adults and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide [1,2]. Smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD development and progression but it is well-established that its effect is individually different. Significant airflow limitations never develop in 50–85% of smokers [3,4] This indicates that there are ‘susceptible’ and ‘non-susceptible’ phenotypes among smokers [5] and the factors that decide this are of considerable interest. In terms of innate factors that contribute to COPD, multiple loci have been identified in genome-wide association studies [6] and these cannot be modified. In relation to acquired factors, physical activity is suggested to prevent COPD development [7]. COPD still progresses in some cases even after smoking cessation and appropriate physical activity. Additional modifiable factors are likely to contribute to COPD and need to be identified to improve patient management
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