The Impact of Body Mass Index on Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The study investigates the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on demographic and clinical characteristics, the choice of treatment modalities, and their potential impact on treatment response and prognosis in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed individuals diagnosed with endometrial cancer who underwent gynecological surgical interventions. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared and categorized into four subgroups: overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obesity class 1 (BMI 30-34.9), obesity class 2 (BMI 35-39.9), and obesity class 3 (BMI ≥40). Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. Results: Menopausal status differed across subgroups (p=0.013), with obesity class 3 showing a higher proportion of premenopausal women. Diabetes mellitus prevalence was higher in obesity class 3 (p=0.044). The usage of radiotherapy, brachytherapy, chemotherapy, and radiochemotherapy were similar across subgroups, as were relapse rates. The most commonly performed surgery was TAH+BSO+PPLND across all subgroups, with the highest percentage in the obesity class 3 (68.4%). The distribution of surgery types showed no difference across BMI subgroups (p=0.569). Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential influence of BMI on menopausal status and surgical treatment strategies in endometrial cancer patients. The findings emphasize the importance of considering BMI in managing endometrial cancer, given the rising global prevalence of obesity.