The impact of backplate support conditions on ceramic fracture and energy absorption in the penetration resistance process of ceramic/metal composite armor

Abstract

As the backing plate conditions significantly affect the ballistic performance of ceramic/metal composite armor, we have conducted impact experiments using 12.7 mm API projectiles (brittle-hard) to examine the influence of different material characteristics of metal backing plates on the ballistic impact performance of ceramic/metal composite armor. By weighing multilevel sieved fragments and employing the Rosin-Rammler fragment distribution model, we analyzed the influence of backing plate material parameters on the fragment size distribution patterns of the penetrator and ceramic panel. Further, we utilized numerical simulations to explore the impact of backing plate density, Young's modulus, and yield strength on ceramic fracture and energy absorption during penetration. Overall, a high-density backing plate provides better inertial support. Backing materials with a high Young's modulus can enhance the ballistic performance of the ceramic composite target, but there is a limit to this effect. The yield strength of the backing plate is not necessarily better when higher; instead, there is an optimal value. Either too high or too low yield strength can reduce the energy absorption efficiency of the ceramic.