Abstract
Lake Kinneret Ecosystem structure has undergone significant modification since early 1990s. Scientists have indicated several causative factors for those long-term changes. The sharp decline of Peridinium and the upset of Cyanobacteria are the major changes. Several options were suggested as the reason for those changes. Among others are the followings: high amplitude of water level fluctuations, global warming, fisheries management, salts diversion, onset and offset of beach vegetation, anthropogenic operations in the drainage basin, allelopathic trait of algal competition, etc. It was suggested that the reduction of ammonia supply from the Hula Valley resulted in the conversion of the land from lake and swamps covered to agriculture followed by elimination of treated domestic sewage and fishponds effluents enhanced deficiency of available N in Lake Kinneret. This paper evaluates the impact of available Nitrogen decline which enhanced Kinneret ecosystem modifications.
Highlights
Lake Kinneret is the only natural freshwater lake in Israel located in the Syrian-African rift valley in northern Israel
Albuminoid assessment was rarely done on the Hula ecosystem but those which were carried out clearly indicates intensive supply of available ammonia from the Hula to Lake Kinneret
The major modifications of the Kinneret, ecosystem structure are closely related to the decline of available Nitrogen supply from the basin to the lake
Summary
Lake Kinneret is the only natural freshwater lake in Israel located in the Syrian-African rift valley in northern Israel. 95% of the Israeli natural water resources are utilized. The total national water budget (2.11 × 109 m3; bcm), includes 0.55 bcm from the Kinneret-Jordan system, and 0.7 bcm from desalination plants [1] [2]. The lake and its drainage basin have undergone severe natural and anthropogenic changes: the construction of the south dam (1933), and the National Water Carrier (NWC) (1950s) enabling water supply. How to cite this paper: Gophen, M. (2015) The Impact of Available Nitrogen Deficiency on Long-Term Changes in the Lake Kinneret Ecosystem.
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