The impact of anti-democratic values on the deconsolidation of liberal democracy in Western Europe: an empirical analysis

Abstract

This article tries to answer the question: "What is happening with liberal democracy: the model collapses or experiences difficulties while adapting to uncertainty?". As the methods of the research the authors of the article have considered international practices of democratic development in the 21st century and revealed reasons for the divergence of institutional orders and cultural practices. This discrepancy is manifested in the deconsolidation of democracy, i.e. there are no guarantees of certain democratic procedures, agreement on political rules, and behavioral patterns. The study aims at revealing the degree of correlation between the deconsolidation of liberal democracy and the effect of institutional and cultural variables. The study is relevant since it provides well-grounded scenarios of regime transformations in different countries, depending on the existing institutional environment based on generalized reciprocity, including reciprocity in the recognition and observance of dominant cultural values and constitutional norms by all actors.