Abstract
The operating conditions of injectors in spark ignition engines with direct fuel injection make them susceptible to coking, which leads to a reduced quality of fuel atomization. This can be observed by a drop in performance and an increase in exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter. One effective method of reducing injector coking is by using detergentdispersing gasoline additives. The article describes the effect of using an admixture with a varied alcohol content on the quantitative and qualitative fuel atomization indicators. The research consisted of a 48-hour engine test, done in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure (CEC-F-113 test). After each test cycle, the injectors underwent optical tests with the use of an isochoric chamber. The spray penetration and surface area were analyzed at a set of different fuel injection parameter values. The research performed resulted in determining the influence of each tested admixture on the change of injection time and on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. The obtained characteristics of the engine in operation and conducted stationary tests enabled the operational evaluation of the impact an alcohol admixture with gasoline fuels had on key engine parameters.
Highlights
Alcohols are an attractive alternative to commercially used fuel, both as fuels themselves as well as in blends with gasoline or diesel fuel
◦◦ test 4: RF-12-09+20E: with 20% ethanol b) tests including RF-02-03: fuel: fuel that limits coking of the injector holes: ◦◦ test 5: RF-02-03: no additives ◦◦ test 6: RF-02-03+10E: with 10% ethanol ◦◦ test 7: RF-02-03+10B: with 10% butanol
The only deviation was noted in the case of adding 20% (V/V) ethanol to gasoline RF-12-09, which resulted in a significant, even from a statistical point of view, increase in the length of the injector opening electric pulse in a single fuel injection, i.e. 8.132% for fuel RF-12-09+20E relative to 5.841% for RF-12-09 fuel
Summary
Alcohols are an attractive alternative to commercially used fuel, both as fuels themselves as well as in blends with gasoline or diesel fuel. The biggest disadvantages of butanol in relation to ethanol when applied to fuels blended with gasoline are lower octane number and lower heat of vaporization as well as higher density and viscosity, which may contribute to a greater – when compared to ethanol – tendency to form undesirable deposits This applies to the fuel injection system as well as the engine (intake valves and ducts, and combustion chambers). Due to the problem of injectors contamination in modern direct injection systems, the Authors of the article proposed assessing the impact of alcohol (ethanol or butanol) admixture with selected gasolines (with different physico-chemical properties) on the tendency to form injector precipitates. During the tests on the model stand (isochoric chamber), the injection and backpressure parameters were selected in such a way as to best reproduce the conditions present in engines tested on an engine dynamometer
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