The Impact of Age on the Electrophysiological Characteristics and Different Arrhythmia Patterns in Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Abstract

Information about the impact of age on the electrophysiological characteristics of accessory pathways (APs) in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome remains limited. A total of 1,885 consecutive patients (mean age 43 ± 17 years, male 61.5%) with WPW syndrome who were referred to the tertiary center for an electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation were investigated. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on their age (Group 1: <20; Group 2: 20-39; Group 3: 40-59; Group 4: ≧60 years old). With age, more left-sided APs (53.2%, 67.7%, 71.7%, 75.7%, P < 0.001) and a longer duration of the arrhythmia (4.3 ± 2.8 years, 10.1 ± 7.0 years, 12.4 ± 10.9 years, 14.0 ± 12.4 years, P < 0.001) were noted. The incidence of concealed APs (53.5%, 53.0%, 57.8%, 60.9%, P = 0.01), and orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia (92.4%, 94.2%, 96.5%, 96.3%, P = 0.023) increased with age. The tachycardia cycle length, antegrade (275.5 ± 42.2 ms, 286.7 ± 62.7 ms, 302.5 ± 66.5 ms, 315.2 ± 80.2 ms, P < 0.001) and retrograde AP effective refractory periods (APERPs) (254.0 ± 42.5 ms, 263.3 ± 51.8 ms, 274.5 ± 100.5 ms, 292.7 ± 57.0 ms, P < 0.001), atrial ERP, antegrade AV node effective refractory period (AVNERP), and ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) lengthened as the age increased. The incidence of decremental APs, multiple APs, and a catecholamine response were similar. The duration of the catheter ablation, total fluoroscopy time, acute success rate, complication rate, and incidence of a secondary procedure were similar between the different age groups. The electrophysiological characteristics and pattern of the arrhythmic attack associated with the AP changed with age.