Abstract
ObjectiveThis meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of five kinds of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups (young adults and older adults), aiming to analyze the difference of adverse events (AEs) rate and virus geometric mean titer (GMT) values between young and older people, in order to find a specific trend, and explore the causes of this trend through meta-analysis.MethodMeta-analysis was used to analyze the five eligible articles. The modified Jadad scoring scale was used to evaluate the quality of eligible literature with a scoring system of 1 to 7. The primary endpoint of the effectiveness index was GMT. The primary endpoints of the safety index were the incidence of local AEs and systemic AEs. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Revman 5.0 software was used to map the risk of publication bias, and Egger’s test was used to analyze publication bias.ResultsThe GMT values of young adults were higher than older adults (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI (0.79, 2.02), P<0.01). There was a higher incidence of local and systemic AEs in young people than in the elderly (OR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.08, 1.12), P<0.01; OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.14, 1.22), P<0.01).ConclusionThe immune effect of young people after being vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines was better than that of the elderly, but the safety was worse than that of old people, the most common AEs were fever, rash, and local muscle pain, which were tolerable for young people. As the AEs of the elderly were lower, they can also be vaccinated safely; the reason for the low level of GMT in the elderly was related to Immunosenescence. The vaccine tolerance of people of different ages needs to be studied continuously.
Highlights
It has been almost 2 years since the outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)
300 publications were excluded according to the title and abstract
The results of the meta-analysis of safety indicators were as follows, and the fixed effects model was used for analysis: We found that there was a higher incidence of local and systemic AEs in young people than in the elderly (OR = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.08, 1.12), P
Summary
It has been almost 2 years since the outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). The global situation is still severe, the epidemic of COVID-19 has become the primary health threat to all humankind, and politics, economy, and culture worldwide have been greatly impacted [2]. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that leads to COVID-19 is a b coronavirus with RNA as a genetic substance, entering the cell by protein binding angiotensin transformase 2 [3]. SARS-CoV-2 appears to spread faster than other coronaviruses, leading to an urgent need for COVID-19 vaccines [4]. People aged 60 years old or older and those with existing respiratory or cardiovascular diseases are at high risk of serious disease and death if they are infected with SARS cov-2, so the elderly need to be vaccinated [5]
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