Abstract
Acute change in water temperature causes heavy economic losses in the aquaculture industry. The present study investigated the metabolic and molecular effects of acute thermal stress on black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics was used to investigate the global metabolic response of black rockfish at a high water temperature (27°C), low water temperature (5°C) and normal water temperature (16°C). Metabolites involved in energy metabolism and basic amino acids were significantly increased upon acute exposure to 27°C (P < 0.05), and no change in metabolite levels occurred in the low water temperature group. However, certain fatty acid levels were elevated after cold stress (P < 0.05), and this effect was not observed in the 27°C group, suggesting that acute high and low temperature exposures caused different physiological responses. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the expression of ubiquitin (ub), hypoxia-inducible factor (hif), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acac). Higher expression levels of ub, hif, and ldh (P < 0.05) were observed in the high water temperature group, but no changes in these expression levels occurred in the low water temperature group. Our findings provide a potential metabolic profile for black rockfish when exposed to acute temperature stress and provide some insights into host metabolic and molecular responses to thermal stress.
Highlights
With global warming, extreme climate events are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude, intensifying the loss of fish production, impacting fishery- and aquaculture-based livelihoods, and damaging marine ecosystems [1,2,3]
ACAC is a key enzyme for lipid metabolism, responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain [25].We present the first metabolomics study on the response to thermal stress in black rockfish
Methods with different mathematic principles were used to assess statistical significance, with the orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) specializing in high correlative multivariate analysis and traditional one-way ANOVA being used for the analysis of independent individual variables
Summary
Extreme climate events are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude, intensifying the loss of fish production, impacting fishery- and aquaculture-based livelihoods, and damaging marine ecosystems [1,2,3]. An important consequence of extreme climatic events such as heat waves and cold currents is the quick change of water temperature. Because of the intolerance of some commercial fishes to acute thermal stress, these extreme.
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