The impact of a dam on the helminth fauna and health of a neotropical fish species Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier 1816) from the upper Paraná River, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to detect changes in the structure of the helminth parasite infracommunities in Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier 1816) from the floodplain of the upper Paraná River after construction of the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant. A total of 126 fish in the period before the dam's construction and 56 specimens 10 years after this event were analysed. Three species of parasites were collected before the construction of the dam: Prosthenhystera obesa Diesing, 1850 (Digenea), Cladocystis intestinalis Vaz, 1932 (Digenea) and Monticellia coryphicephala Monticelli, 1892 (Cestoda), and one nematode species in the larval stage, whose identification was not possible. After dam construction, the following helminth parasites were found: C. intestinalis, M. coryphicephala, Octospiniferoides incognita, Contracaecum spp. larvae and Contracaecum sp. type 2 larvae Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes 1993. The diversity of helminth parasites measured by the Brillouin diversity index (HB) differed significantly between the pre- and post-dam periods (mean HB = 0.069 and HB = 0.2, respectively; P= 0.0479; Mann-Whitney U test). The parasite community of S. brasiliensis before the construction of the dam showed concentration of dominance (C) of P. obesa (C = 0.38), while there was no concentration of dominance of any species of parasite (C = 0.22) after the dam's construction. Before the Porto Primavera dam the relative condition factor of fish was 1.0; after the dam's construction it was 0.93 (P < 0.0001; Mann-Whitney U test). This study records the disappearance of the species P. obesa and suggests that there has been local extinction of this parasite. The results show that the anthropic influence on natural systems is interfering with the welfare and health of S. brasiliensis, reflected by its fauna of helminth parasites.