The immunotherapy progression of breast cancer

Abstract

Every year, nearly forty thousand people lose their lives to breast cancer. It has become a leading cause of death for women. Researchers have not yet identified the precise cause of cancer. In the past, breast cancer treatment was commonly performed with surgery or chemotherapy. With advances in immunotherapy and technological innovations, a variety of valuable emerging immunotherapies have emerged, including tumor vaccines, adoptive immunotherapies, there is also a class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors. For example, studies have shown that autologous dc vaccines for breast cancer can improve 5-year survival. In addition, the combination of immune cells and cytokines also showed a high effect on killing tumor cells. For example, the combination of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). However, the side effects should not be ignored. This article discusses recent advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer. Symptoms, etiology, pathogenesis, and prevalence of breast cancer are described separately. It also explains the immunological mechanisms of existing immunotherapeutic modalities and considers the limitations of the current immunotherapy for breast cancer, giving a reference for future development. With the aim of informing future academic research on immunotherapy for breast cancer, the current approaches and vaccines for the treatment are examined in this paper.