Abstract
The demand of tetanus antitoxin (TAT) as tetanus treatment in developing and underdeveloped countries is still great since it is relatively easy to achieve and affordable. However, there are still issues in the preparation of highly effective TAT with tetanus toxoid (TT) as the immunogen. The tetanus toxin native C-fragment (TeNT-Hc) retains many properties and it is a very promising candidate for the development of tetanus human vaccine. In this study, we tested the immunogenicity of TeNT-Hc in the preparation of tetanus antibodies, by TeNT-Hc alone or in different combinations with TT. The antibody titers and components in horse serum or plasma in different groups were analyzed and compared with those immunized by the conventional TT and it showed comparability with the results of traditional methods. The plasma efficacy and in vivo tetanus toxin neutralization were also tested. After two stages of immunizations, the average potency in plasma of all groups reached more than 1,000 IU / mL except that in group 4. In group 5, the first two basic immunizations with TT and the subsequent immunizations with TeNT-Hc, it showed slightly higher antibody titers and potency. This study demonstrated that TeNT-Hc is a safe, effective, and yet easy-to-produce low-cost immunogen and suitable for TT replacement in tetanus antitoxin production.
Highlights
Tetanus is an acute, lethal infectious disease and neurological disorder with fatality rate up to 40% [1]
This study aimed at animal immunogenicity and toxicological pharmacology demonstrated that TeNT-Hc is a safe, effective, and yet easy-to-produce lowcost immunogen and suitable for tetanus toxoid (TT) replacement in tetanus antitoxin production
TT has played a critical role in the preparation of Tetanus antitoxin (TAT)
Summary
Lethal infectious disease and neurological disorder with fatality rate up to 40% [1]. Due to its human origin, TIG can be applied directly without skin test Since it is a human blood product, potential risk of infecting human viruses, such as hepatitis C, AIDS, and other infectious diseases, still remains. Due to source restrictions and unstable supplies, TIG products are generally rather expensive have hard-to-find and have only 20% or lower efficacy per vial compared to TAT, which requires multiple doses. It is very difficult for developing and underdeveloped countries to afford TIG for the prevention and treatment of tetanus [8]. We can predict it will continue being in clinical applications in the near future [9]
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