The immune system and the nature of immune disorders in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (sark) with moderate and severe

Abstract

Introduction. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is allergic diseases (AD) of mucous membranes (primarily the conjunctiva of the eye and nasal mucosa), due to hypersensitivity to aerosol allergens of plant pollen and fungi spores, the concentration of which in the air periodically becomes causal. The leading clinical manifestation of SAR is considered as allergic conjunctivitis. According to statistics, about 70–90 % of patients with SAR develops Pulawy conjunctivitis, characterized by itching of eyes, eyelids, their redness, photophobia, lacrimation. Clinically important is the combination of SAR and conjunctivitis. Although the SAR attention usually emphasize on nasal symptoms, more than 80 % of patients, as practice shows, suffer from symptoms from the eyes. According to the European and North American researchers, more than 70 % of patients with SAR suffer from eye and nasal symptoms, and their severity the majority of patients assessed as moderate or severe. Materials and methods. Were examined in 120 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in combination with conjunctivitis: 58 patients with moderate and 62 patients with severe disease. Research results. The patients of the 1st group the level of total IgE was increased 5.6 times, patients of group 2 – 7.1 times in comparison with the control group. The level of specific IgE in group 1 was 37.7 KU/L in group 2 – 46.9 KU/L, when reference levels – 0 – < 0,35 KU/L in the study, the CІC was established an increase of their concentration in patients of groups 1 and 2 groups. However, patients 1st group mainly increased levels of high molecular weight, the CІC, and in patients 2 groups – mainly the level of low molecular weight CІC. Discussion of research. The study of the population structure of the lymphatic peripheral blood of patients SARK revealed changes in T-cell link of immunity, characterized by a decrease in the content of CD3+-cells from patients 1 group by 10,7 %, in patients of group 2 – by 19,0 % in comparison with similar indicators of control group. Conclusions. Certain disorders in patients with severe disease are more profound than in patients with the moderate course of the disease. In patients with severe, in contrast to patients with moderate to severe flow disturbances and in the phagocytic link of immunity. In patients with severe as reduced the absorption activity of phagocytes and their ability in induction of reactive oxygen species. In patients with severe marked increase in the level of low molecular weight CІC, in patients with moderate to severe over – mainly high molecular weight of the CІC, which have less toxic than low molecular weight.