The immune responses to influenza vaccine in aged and metabolic disease occurred cynomolgus macaques

Abstract

Abstract The analysis of age-related immune senescent is extremely meaningful to understand the vital homeostasis in individuals among the aging society. Influenza virus (FluV) infection is a major public health concern due to its high infectivity and ability to severe respiratory illness in elderly people. The reduced immune responses after Flu vaccination in humans are recognized in aging and also in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Understanding the hypofunction in aging and lifestyle diseases is necessary to optimize vaccination resume and the comprehensive analysis of that will provide a great impact on public health burden. However, several factors affect the biofunctional analysis in human. Cynomolgus macaques (CMs) show human-like characteristics such as higher brain functions, long life span, single pregnancy. In the present study, several groups of CMs, including DM and hyperlipidemia (HL) occurred CMs, were subcutaneously immunized with seasonal trivalent Flu vaccine and assessed immune responses. The reduced humoral and cellular immune responses to Flu vaccine were observed in the elderly CMs group compare to the young group and induced anti-HA antibody titers were negatively correlated with age. In particular, Flu-specific immune responses were considerably decreased in DM group despite their youth. However, the reduced humoral and cellular immune responses were not observed in HL group, unlike DM CMs. These results suggested that elderly or DM and HL occurred CMs should be a powerful tool to reveal the comprehensive mechanisms for hypofunction in aging and lifestyle diseases through a long-life span. This study will help to enhance the immune response to vaccine in metabolic disease and aged person.