Abstract
‘Could mental states be brain processes?’ This is the title question of an article by Jerome Shaffer.1 Before attempting to answer this question we should first consider what kind of question it is. That is, what kind of approach is required in order to arrive at a satisfactory answer? Is it, for example, an empirical question? That is, is arriving at a satisfactory answer an empirical matter? Shaffer seems to think that it is and also that those who hold the Identity Theory, i.e. the theory that mental states are identical with certain physical processes such as brain processes, consider the problem expressed by the question to be a matter of empirical fact. But let us see whether it is or not.
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