The identification of halogenated disinfection by-products in tap water using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract

In this paper, a comprehensive method for the identification of the unknown halogenated DBPs (X-DBPs, X = Cl, Br, and I) in the tap water of Wuhan, China via liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed. 123 X-DBPs were identified through the stepwise procedure, 94 of them were newly identified, and 3 of them were confirmed by standards. Most X-DBPs were aliphatic compounds and highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds, some X-DBPs contained multiple halogen atoms and rich in carboxyl groups, such as C2H2O2BrCl, C2H2O2Br2, and C2H2O2ClI. It was worth noting that the concentration of some X-DBPs had the same trend with time. Most Cl-DBPs remained stable and I-DBPs were detected occasionally by monitoring the change of concentration of these X-DPBs with the time during three consecutive months. The results demonstrate that the proposed method could provide valuable molecular formula and structure information on unknown multiple halogenated DBPs, or be used for the identification of other multiple halogenated organic compounds in different media.