Abstract
Wilt disease with unknown etiology causes mass mortality in commercial Acacia mangium nurseries in South Sumatra. This pathogen induces symptoms of chlorosis in the lower leaves and develops into the shoots; subsequently, the plants wither and die. This research identifies the pathogenic species causing this wilt disease and to assess its pathogenicity or virulence. Fifteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum with varying colony sizes and color pigments were recovered from symptomatic A. mangium seedlings. The pathogenicity test showed that all isolates could infect plants with wilt severity reaching 80%, and the pathogen was verified as causing vascular disease. Koch’s postulate was verified by re-isolating the F. oxysporum isolates. The pathogen was confirmed by observing the morphological characters and elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene sequences as F. oxysporum.
Highlights
Black wattle (Acacia mangium Willd.) is a flowering tree species native to Papua, West Irian Jaya and Maluku in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northeast Queensland in Australia
In 2018, the total land area controlled by industrial plantation forest companies in Indonesia was 8.67 million hectares, with 81.3% used for plant cultivation, including A. mangium
The early symptoms of seedling wilt started as the lower leaves turned yellow, black, dried out, fell and the plant died
Summary
Black wattle (Acacia mangium Willd.) is a flowering tree species native to Papua, West Irian Jaya and Maluku in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northeast Queensland in Australia. Under favorable conditions, this species can grow up to 30 m with a diameter of 50 cm. A major problem in its cultivation is an unknown cause of seedling wilt disease. It occurs during the initial stages of growth and if ignored, can spread widely in a plantation
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