The identification and characterization of zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells

Abstract

AbstractHSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew and maintain hematopoiesis throughout the lifespan of an organism. The optical clarity of their embryos and the ease of genetic manipulation make the zebrafish (Danio rerio) an excellent model for studying hematopoiesis. Using flow cytometry, we identified 2 populations of CD41-GFP+ cells (GFPhi and GFPlo) in the whole kidney marrow of Tg(CD41:GFP) zebrafish. Past studies in humans and mice have shown that CD41 is transiently expressed in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors and is then silenced, reappearing in the platelet/thrombocyte lineage. We have transplanted flow-sorted GFPhi and GFPlo cells into irradiated adult zebrafish and assessed long-term hematopoietic engraftment. Transplantation of GFPhi cells did not reconstitute hematopoiesis. In contrast, we observed multilineage hematopoiesis up to 68 weeks after primary and secondary transplantation of GFPlo cells. We detected the CD41-GFP transgene in all major hematopoietic lineages and CD41-GFP+ cells in histologic sections of kidneys from transplant recipients. These studies show that CD41-GFPlo cells fulfill generally accepted criteria for HSCs. The identification of fluorescent zebrafish HSCs, coupled with our ability to transplant them into irradiated adult recipients, provide a valuable new tool to track HSC homing, proliferation, and differentiation into hematopoietic cells.