Abstract
We generalize the word problem for groups, the formal language of all words in the generators that represent the identity, to inverse monoids. In particular, we introduce the idempotent problem, the formal language of all words representing idempotents, and investigate how the properties of an inverse monoid are related to the formal language properties of its idempotent problem. We show that if an inverse monoid is either E-unitary or has a finite set of idempotents, then its idempotent problem is regular if and only if the inverse monoid is finite. We also give examples of inverse monoids with context-free idempotent problems, including all Bruck–Reilly extensions of finite groups.
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