Abstract

AbstractThis chapter describes the main properties of the ideal Bose gas confined by a harmonic potential. It calculates the temperature dependence of the condensate density and identify the value of the critical temperature in terms of the oscillator frequency and the number of atoms. This identification provides an important temperature scale for experiments with ultracold atomic gases. The chapter also discusses the behaviour of the expanding cloud after the release of the trap and how the anisotropy of the gas evolves in time, reflecting the initial anisotropy of the momentum distribution. It finally discusses the possibility of getting Bose–Einstein condensation through adiabatic transformations, working with non-harmonic trapping potentials or with mixtures of two atomic species trapped by different harmonic potentials.

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