Abstract
Signs of a new theme are emerging in the methodology of science. Like all contemporary general subjects it has an interdisciplinary character. With increasing frequency investigators are comparing two approaches in diverse and quite distinct areas of knowledge in the social and natural sciences. The terms used are unidimensional and multidimensional thinking, nonvariant and variant thinking, typological and population [populiatsionnyi] thinking, the principle of uniformity and polymorphism, and monocentrism and polycentrism. The term polyphony has unexpectedly appeared in studies quite remote from music. To use the traditional philosophical terminology, the couplet unity versus diversity quite accurately reflects this opposition.
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