Abstract
Introduction. One of the main types of deposits in an internal combustion engine is an emulsion or sludge formed by water, decomposition of fuel residues and solid residues. The sludge usually settles on the colder surfaces of the engine, such as the bottom of the crankcase pan, valve chambers and upper boards. The main problem is that this type of deposits can be collected by the engine oil and transferred to areas such as the oil pump, intake valve or oil channels, where the sludge can interfere with the flow of oil and cause a failure of the lubrication mode. In addition to the disruption in the operation of the above-mentioned systems, the engine oil quality indicators are also undergoing changes for the worse.Materials and methods. To monitor the condition of the engine oil, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of its performance, such as: kinematic viscosity at 40 oC and at 100 oC, acid number, base number and determine the number of elements – indicators of additives and wear products contained in the engine oil. The viscosity was determined using a Stabinger SVM 3000 viscometer. It measures the dynamic viscosity and density of oils and fuels in accordance with ASTM D7042 and automatically calculates the kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and outputs the measurement results. The acid and base numbers were determined using an automatic titrator TitroLine alpha plus, and the presence of indicator elements in engine oil using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer of the iCAP 7000 series, designed for analysis and determination of the number of indicator elements in liquid and solid samples.Results. The dynamics of changes in the performance characteristics of the Gazpromneft Diesel Ultra 10W-40 engine oil with an extended replacement interval, which is applicable for equipment operating in severe conditions, depending on the water content in the samples of this lubricant, was analyzed.Conclusion. The consequences that may occur due to water entering the engine oil are indicated.
Highlights
an emulsion or sludge formed by water
The sludge usually settles on the colder surfaces of the engine
The main problem is that this type of deposits can be collected by the engine oil
Summary
Пашукевич[2] ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)»1; Омский государственный технический университет (ОмГТУ)[2], г. Основная проблема состоит в том, что этот тип отложений может быть собран моторным маслом и перенесен в такие области, как масляный насос, впускной клапан или масляные каналы, где шлам может препятствовать прохождению потока масла и вызывать сбой режима смазки. Для контроля за состоянием моторного масла необходимо определить характеристики его работоспособности, такие как кинематическая вязкость при 40о С и при 100о С, кислотное число, щелочное число и определить количества элементов-индикаторов присадок и продуктов износа, содержащихся в моторном масле. Он измеряет динамическую вязкость и плотность масел и топлив в соответствии с ASTM D7042 и автоматически рассчитывает кинематическую вязкость, индекс вязкости и выдает результаты измерений. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: моторное масло, кислотное число, щелочное число, кинематическая вязкость, увеличенные интервалы замены, элементы-индикаторы продуктов износа и присадок, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, окисление моторного масла, металлические поверхности.
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