Abstract
To prevent rain from eroding the sides of the trench we have developed a method of spraying them with hydro-seed. The homemade solution contains water, soil, mulch and a special blend of local grass seed. The mixture containing the blend of seeds enhances the soil to give it some strength and minimize the erosion. Another option is using concrete anchors instead of steel ones, which are supposed to increase the rigidity of a district heating (DH) network. The paper further visualizes the process with the materials required for each step. We constructed the equation in order to estimate net present value depending on the capital costs of the construction, the time of the cash flow, and the discount rate. In case of concrete anchors, the NPV of the project is negative. However, in case of hydro-seeding, the income provided by avoiding penalties becomes bigger than initial costs in the very first year of the project life span. From the comparison of two NPV profiles, the model combining the concrete anchors and the hydro-seeding can save up to 20% of investments compared to the conventional DH line. Results show that although then capital costs are increased by up to 24%, investment payback for DH network can be reduced to 12 years while life span can be increased by up to 30 years.
Highlights
With the continuous development and increasing applications of district heating (DH), a heat supply interruption has been the focus of multiple studies in the last few years [1,2]
Each location where a heat pump is implemented will not need to connect its specific stock of buildings to the DH network
Concrete anchors had never before been applicable in DH projects in Russia
Summary
With the continuous development and increasing applications of district heating (DH), a heat supply interruption has been the focus of multiple studies in the last few years [1,2]. Shan et al [3] consider the insufficiency of heating supply ability due to leakages. Each location where a heat pump is implemented will not need to connect its specific stock of buildings to the DH network. This discourages developers from a DH system expansion reducing network construction. Segmental joints between concrete segments act as a weak link in the tunnel lining both in terms of mechanical stress (due to the lower stiffness and strength compared to the main segments) and the lifetime issues (high risk of water/gas leakage) [9]. Concrete anchors had never before been applicable in DH projects in Russia
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
