Abstract
One of the most important tasks of engineering hydraulics is to determine the energy loss during the motion of the fluid flow. The study of the question of whether the patterns of hydraulic resistances are similar in a calm and turbulent flow is relevant in the design of hydraulic structures. In most cases, a turbulent regime of fluid motion is observed in various applications, but to date, the theory of turbulence is not considered complete. When designing hydraulic structures, inaccuracies in the existing calculation methods can lead to a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the entire spillway structure as a whole. The need for an integrated approach to the analysis of the impact on the hydraulic resistance of various factors is noted (degree of spread $ \left( {{B \over h}} \right) $), the degree of turbulence (Re) and the degree of flow roughness (Fr)), which is not always provided by known dependencies and methods of calculation. On the basis of our own experimental data, a new formula for calculating the hydraulic resistance of turbulent flows in smooth channels was obtained. The functional dependence of the hydraulic resistance coefficient on the parameters $ \left( {{B \over h}} \right) $, Re and Fr is obtained.
Highlights
The question of hydraulic resistances when moving fluid in channels and pipes has been considered for a long time
As a result of these works appeared semi-empirical formulas justified by modern ideas about the nature of hydraulic resistances and confirmed by experimental data of high accuracy [1 – 20]
Studies show the existence of various hypotheses about the relationship of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance in open flows with either the Reynolds number or the Froude number
Summary
The question of hydraulic resistances when moving fluid in channels and pipes has been considered for a long time. There are numerous empirical formulas of General nature, as well as specialized laws recommended for certain types of structures. The issue under consideration has been developed on the basis of the doctrine of similarity and studies of the problem of turbulence. As a result of these works appeared semi-empirical formulas justified by modern ideas about the nature of hydraulic resistances and confirmed by experimental data of high accuracy [1 – 20]. Studies show the existence of various hypotheses about the relationship of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance in open flows with either the Reynolds number or the Froude number. B resistance of the channel geometry, namely the spread parameter h. The universal dependence has not yet been obtained [10, 15, 17, 20]
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