Abstract
<p>Wyznanie mniejszości węgierskiej na Słowacji tylko w niewielkim stopniu różniło się od wyznania większości słowackiej. Istniały jednak różne opinie na kwestię wyznaniową mniejszości węgierskiej, które odzwierciedlały niezdrowe relacje między Czechami, Słowacją i Węgrami. Sfera religijna odnosząca się do mniejszości węgierskiej odzwierciedlała polityczny i społeczny rozwój i ogólną relację państwa i kościoła. W celu ukazania tej sytuacji, artykuł został oparty na przedstawieniu sprzecznej postawy pierwszej Republiki wobec kościoła. W opracowaniu – oprócz lat 1939–1945 – przedstawiono ciąg wydarzeń mających miejsce w Republice Czechosłowackiej w okresie międzywojennym. Po roku 1939 nastąpiła zmiana, kiedy to najważniejszy kościół w Słowacji (rzymskokatolicki) wsparł polityczny reżim. Nawet na terenach kościelnych mających związek ze społecznością węgierską zasada wzajemności między Słowacją a Węgrami była decydująca. Konfliktowa postawa aparatu państwa czy ludności stanowiącej większość wobec kultu publicznego obecnego w języku węgierskim była znacząca. Wyniki opracowania są oparte na badaniach archiwalnych oraz na analizie ówczesnej prasy.</p>
Highlights
On the ruins of monarchies that ended up among defeated great powers after World War I, and the Russian Empire that was eliminated from the fight due to internal instability even before the final war conflict ended, new “national” states were established Their creators referred to the historical right and to the right of self-determination most of the new states had the boundaries within which a number of nations and nationalities lived The newly established Czechoslovak Republic could have been a good example
Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians got into a minority position regardless of their will, after the Czechoslovak Republic was established in 1918 The Hungarian population had to get used to a new, minority identity, new conditions and status The decision of the powers about becoming a minority was understood by a part of population as a grievance and, they agreed with the requirements for revision of the boundaries they were getting into conflict with the integrity of the state they were living in, as well as with the state power the Czechoslovak propaganda from the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic emphasized that separation from the Austro-Hungarian Empire does not mean separation from a homeland but a separation
Hungarians, including the Hungarian clergy According to the first post-war census in 1921, the Hungarian minority made up 21% of the Slovak population The Hungarians inhabited a contiguous territory along the southern border, and in some districts, formed the majority population with the representation of over 80%5
Summary
On the ruins of monarchies that ended up among defeated great powers after World War I, and the Russian Empire that was eliminated from the fight due to internal instability even before the final war conflict ended, new “national” states were established Their creators referred to the historical right and to the right of self-determination most of the new states had the boundaries within which a number of nations and nationalities lived The newly established Czechoslovak Republic could have been a good example. Hungarians, including the Hungarian clergy According to the first post-war census in 1921, the Hungarian minority made up 21% of the Slovak population The Hungarians inhabited a contiguous territory along the southern border, and in some districts, formed the majority population with the representation of over 80%5. This text will attempt to answer the following question: Did confessional issues relating to the Hungarian minority reflect political and social development and an overall ratio of the state and churches in the Czechoslovak Republic during the interwar period and after its destroying in the years 1938–1939? Ties from the Slovak political life that started shortly after the declaration of Slovak autonomy This part presented by the author is a work based primarily on historical sources Documents of a central nature have been deposited in the collections of the Slovak National Archive in Bratislava and the Hungarian National Archive in Budapest Sources for elaboration of this issue at a regional level were provided by the other state archives in Slovakia with theirs regional branches Operation of the governing party and ethnic majority on the national, and especially regional level, was more difficult to retrace The majority of documents were destroyed during the liberation of the territory either on purpose or due to objective reasons related to the transit of the front line Absence of official documents may be partially replaced with contemporary press Another important source of information regarding the atmosphere and life during the period being researched was contemporary journals and works
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