Abstract
The human sacrum shape and its metamorphoses should be considered due to their effect, primarily mechanical, predisposing for the vertebral column function evolution. The aim of the study is to define the human sacrum shapes and explain for such variability. The object of the study is represented with 68 sacrums obtained from the review collection of anatomical study preparations of the Bogomolets National Medical University Department of Anatomy. Each of the known human sacrum shapes represents the stage of the process of “sinking” of the sacral vertebrae bodies into the sacrum, with simultaneous fixation of external apices of their lateral parts in the sacroiliac joint. Generally, metamorphoses of the sacrum shape make up an accommodation for the new mechanical conditions as well as causal external factors. The sacrum continuously sustains multiple factors’ effects in each moment of the human life, which affects its shape and metamorphoses. The analysis of the human sacrum shape and functions reveals important instances: first, certain parts of the sacrum don’t preserve permanent relations; secondly, alterations in these relations keep to a certain sequence. This issue permits us to consider various sacrum shapes as sequential stages of the same process, occurring in the human body.
Highlights
The sacrum is important if regarded as the issue of comparative anatomy
The human differs from the animals by the intensive development of central nervous system, but fact that during evolution motion function was assumed by the lower extremities, due to straightening or unbending of the vertebral column, changing its position from almost horizontal to the vertical one
Materials and methods The object of the study is represented with 68 sacrums obtained from the review collection of anatomical study preparations of the Bogomolets National Medical University Department of Anatomy [3]
Summary
The sacrum is important if regarded as the issue of comparative anatomy. The human differs from the animals by the intensive development of central nervous system, but fact that during evolution motion function was assumed by the lower extremities, due to straightening or unbending of the vertebral column, changing its position from almost horizontal to the vertical one. The weight of the upper body, head and upper extremities comes across the sacrum, burdening the lower extremities, the sacrum correspondingly being modified due to new mechanical conditions. The aim of the study is to define the human sacrum shapes and explain for such variability
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