Abstract
IntroductionParvovirus B19 (PVB19) is one of several viruses transmissible by blood transfusion. Levels of exposure to PVB19 among HIV-infected voluntary blood donors are comparable to those among HIV-negative controls because, in blood donors, the PVB19 infection is transmitted mainly via the respiratory route. Thus, we hypothesize that the seroprevalence of PVB19 in HIV-positive blood donors is equal to the seroprevalence of PVB19 in HIV-negative blood donors. The objective of this study was to compare the seroprevalence of PVB19 between asymptomatic HIV-positive and HIV-negative blood donors.MethodsA random sample of 360 eligible blood donors were firstly examined for HIV antibodies by using ELISA automaton and so were categorized as HIV-positive donors and HIV-negative donors. Then the two categories of donors were examined for PVB19 IgG and IgM by using ELISA kits. The seroprevalence of PVB19 in HIV-positive donors was compared to that of HIV-negative donors by using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. All statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS 21.ResultsThe prevalences of PVB19 IgG and IgM in HIV-positive blood donors were 92.1% (35 of 38) and 44.7% (17 of 38), respectively and those in control group were 89.1% (287 of 322) and 46.3% (149 of 322), respectively. But for both IgG and IgM the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis research confirms our hypothesis: the seroprevalence of PVB19 in HIV-positive blood donors is equal to the seroprevalence of PVB19 in HIV-negative blood donors.
Highlights
There are several viruses responsible for infections transmitted by blood transfusion including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV 1 and 2), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency (HIV 1 and 2) and Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Among the 360 blood donors included in this study, 38 (10.6%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 7.4% - 13.8%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 322 (89.4%, 95% CI, 86.2% - 92.6%) were HIV-negative
Among the 322 HIV-negative samples tested for PVB19 specific immunoglobulins, 156 (48.4%, 95% CI, 42.9% - 53.9%) were positive for IgG; 18 (5.6%, 95% CI, 3.1% - 8.1%) were positive for IgM; 131 (40.7%, 95% CI, 35.3% - 46.1%) were positive for both antibodies and 17 (5.3%, 95% CI, 2.9% - 7.7%) were negative for both subtypes
Summary
There are several viruses responsible for infections transmitted by blood transfusion including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV 1 and 2), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency (HIV 1 and 2) and Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Iatrogenic transmission occurs through blood transfusion or organ transplantation from the seropositive donor. Infection may persist by reactivation or reinfection [12]; (iii) the resistance of the virus to many inactivation methods used in the manufacture of blood derivatives, plasma derivatives and labile blood products [1317]. The transmission of PVB19 by blood transfusion occurs during the period of high viraemia in the donor. PVB19, called erythrovirus B19, is the basis of several syndromes whose clinical manifestations may be moderate or severe. They vary according to the hematological and immunological status of the infected person [23]
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