Abstract
National authorized pesticides used in agriculture are one hot spot issue to human health especially for those working in the field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health problems of authorized pesticides. Risk assessment was evaluated by 1) Toxicological classification of the WHO, and 2) Bio-Pesticides Database (BPDB) and Pesticide Properties Data Base (PPDB). The 2015 Algerian index of phytosanitary products used in agriculture includes 173 active ingredients (IAs) belonging to 83 chemical groups represented by 757 commercial formulations (CF) categorized into: 36% fungicides, 29% insecticides and 22% herbicides. One-third of the AIs are not approved according to EC 91/414 directive. Otherwise, only 3% and 6% of AIs are classified as extremely and highly hazardous respectively. About 47%, 37% and 30% of IAs can cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation respectively while approximately 32%, 13%, 10% and 8% of AIs can have/be reproductive and/or developmental effects, neurotoxic effects, cholinesterase inhibitors and endocrine disruptors respectively when only 5% and almost 3% of AIs are carcinogenic and mutagenic, respectively. It is essential to periodically update the list of authorized pesticides at national level in accordance with international legislation and bans. On the other hand, farmers must be aware of the health risks due to each AI to which they are exposed. Also, farmers must wear personal protective equipment (PPE). On the other hand, continuous epidemiological studies aimed primarily at farmers and their families must be carried out and the results of these studies must be accessible to researchers.
Highlights
The use of pesticides in agriculture is very excessive and around 85% of pesticide world production has been applied to chemical control of various pests (Kim al. 2017)
The methodology is based on the use of three key elements: Firstly, according to the data published in the Algerian Index of phytosanitary products used in agriculture (2015 edition) (DPVCT 2015), we will identify the number of authorized pesticide commercial formulations (CFs) and the corresponding active ingredients (IAs)
By analyzing the 2015 index data, we found that: 36%, 29%, 22%, 5%, 4%, 3% and 1% of active ingredients (AIs) are used as fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, nematicides, rodenticides and molluscicides respectively
Summary
The use of pesticides in agriculture is very excessive and around 85% of pesticide world production has been applied to chemical control of various pests (Kim al. 2017). It is generally agreed that predominantly chronic exposure to pesticides can adversely affect human health by causing acute and / or chronic effects/ diseases (Hamsan et al 2017, Jacobsen-Pereira et al 2018). Several studies carried out all over the world mainly concerning the effects of agricultural pesticides on farmers health can testify this like those of Lander et al (2000), Stallones and Beseler (2002), Calvert et al (2008), Mamane et al (2015), Sonchieu et al (2017), Buralli et al (2018), JacobsenPereira et al (2018), Juntarawijit and Juntarawijit (2018), Patel and Sangeeta (2019). Not all pesticides have the same potency nor can they cause the same type or level of threat to human health (Gilden et al 2010)
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