Abstract
The Hudson Bay Lowland is a vast (325,000 km2), flat (average slope 0.5 m/km) physiographic region of Canada located to the southwest of James Bay and Hudson Bay. It is underlain by Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks and bounded by Precambrian terrains. Thin Pleistocene till sheets, locally deposited on fluted terrains mantle most of the Lowland, and they are overlain by thin marine and coastal Holocene deposits which have formed during the ongoing regression from an early post-glacial sea, the Tyrrell sea. The present shores of the James Bay and Hudson Bay are but one stage of development of such regressive sequences. More than 90% of the vast emerged Lowland is covered by one of the largest cold wetlands and peatlands of the world. Up to 3–4 m thick peats have developed in the last 5000 years in inland fens and raised bogs.
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