Abstract
objects of satiric attack: the imperial court, the imperial examination system, men of blind attachment, traitors to China, and the military establishment. Following this there is an analysis of the kinds of satire used based on formal and non-formal distinctions developed out of Western literary criticism. The work contains monologue, parody, as well as narrative satire, and there are distinctions here in tone or attitude which correspond to the entire range on the Horatian-Juvenalian scale. The paper ends with a discussion of recent views on the social and political significance of the work as an example of protest against conditions in seventeenth-century China.
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