Abstract
ABSTRACTRecent excavations at the Houghton Road site (AZ BB: 13: 398) provide new insights into a virtually unknown time in Tucson Basin prehistory. Houses at the site date to what has recently been termed the Plain Ware horizon, the first stage of Formative culture in southern Arizona. This stage is distinguished from the Late Archaic San Pedro stage Cochise by the introduction of ceramic vessel production and the construction of large, formal pit houses. In other respects, the material culture and socioeconomic system evidenced at Houghton Road differs little from San Pedro Cochise and does not suggest a fully sedentary, maize-dependent lifestyle. Ceramic and architectural styles also are distinct from those that came to characterize the later Hohokam- influenced culture of the region. This suggests the presence of a pan-South-westem root culture with affinities to the Early-Pit-House-period Mogollon culture. These distinctive characteristics are defined here as the Agua Caliente phase, the Plain Ware h...
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