Abstract
Inherent to the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) are spontaneous intensity dependent beam size growths that can lead to precipitous beam losses. Vertical losses can occur at intensities > 5 × 1011 protons/pulse. Horizontal beam losses can occur at intensities > 1012 protons/pulse. This paper discusses the factors affecting the beam size growth, the characteristics of the signals observed, and the equipment developed to control these losses; in particular, the (1-vx) horizontal damper and the wide-band vertical damper. Because of the space limit for the paper, the discussion will be limited primarily to the (1-vx) horizontal damper.
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