Abstract
Purpose: To develop and test the face and content validity of a scale that assesses an individual’s adaptation and expression of hope to a life changing events, disease or trauma. Method: The Hope and Adaptation Scale was developed and tested across three stages. Stage 1 involved the use of a review of literature to conceptually map the tool. Stage 2 required exploratory investigations of the questionnaire by members of an expert panel. Stage 3 assessed the construct validity of the resulting scale. Results: Through the processes of Stage 1 and 2, the tool was developed and reduced to a 3-item scale that assessed a spectrum of hope-related responses and a spectrum of adaptation-related responses. Stage 3 identified fifteen independent health care professionals who assessed the scale. The content validity index of the resultant scale was 0.6 that was above the required level to be acceptable. The hope spectrum responses scored the highest content validity ratio (0.73). Discussion: The proposed scale appears to have face and content validity for application to a various number of events, disease or trauma experiences. Further testing of the scale is required for application in specific population groups.
Highlights
Introduction and Rationale for ProjectAn individual’s expression of hope is a natural response to a situation where there is temptation to despair
Critical and central to the hope spectrum is hope in possibility. This is identified as a type of hope which allows and embraces uncertainty in a positive way, enabling the individual to accept that what might be hoped for, may not occur [6]
All major components of the model appear to be identified in populations including motor neurone disease, stroke, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis (b) Reviews were included if they included qualitative studies and considered patients with chronic illnesses. (c) Reviews were included if they were positioned as “subtle realist” or “critical realist”
Summary
Introduction and Rationale for ProjectAn individual’s expression of hope is a natural response to a situation where there is temptation to despair. The expression of hope and adaptation are central to whether an individual is able to cope with, or succumb to, a given situation, such as a chronic illness [2] These expressions are related to a spectrum of hope-related responses, ranging from no hope to concrete hope. Critical and central to the hope spectrum is hope in possibility This is identified as a type of hope which allows and embraces uncertainty in a positive way, enabling the individual to accept that what might be hoped for, may not occur [6]. This in turn aids an individual’s ability to be defiant and motivated towards goals without a “concrete” need to achieve them. A central aspect of hope in possibility is that an individual can accept an uncertain or unknown future; this directly links to, and includes, an adaptive expression
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