Abstract
The eight-hundred-years-old Crown of St Stephen (the visible crown) has engendered in Hungary a singular, genuine national tradition which has been more enduring than traditions accorded to regalia in other European countries. The recent revival of the tradition, without parallels elsewhere, begs an explanation. The existence of the visible crown has lent coherence to the uses of the term ‘crown’, which possesses multivocal meaning. Crown uses of political rhetoric have radically changed since 1790. Yet this subject has not been properly studied since Ferenc Eckhart's work published in 1941. The controversial and politically combustible ‘doctrine of the Holy Crown’ has been attributed by historians either to the sixteenth-century jurist Werbodblacczy or to the medieval period. This is a fallacy. It was, in fact, an innovation introduced by professors of the Law Faculty in Budapest after parliament's Great Defence Debate of 1889.
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