Abstract
Since the emergence of MRSA in the 1960s, a gradual increase in infections by resistant bacteria has been observed. Clinical manifestations may vary from brand to critical condition due to host risk factors, as well as pathogen virulence and resistance. The high adaptability and pathogenic profile of MRSA clones contributed to its spread in hospital and community settings. In Brazil, the first MRSA isolates were reported in the late 1980s, and since then different genetic profiles, such as the Brazilian epidemic clone (BEC) and other clones considered a pandemic, became endemic in the Brazilian population. Additionally, Brazil's MRSA clones were shown to be able to transfer genes involved in multidrug resistance and enhanced pathogenic properties. These events contributed to the rise of highly resistant and pathogenic MRSA. In this review, we present the main events which compose the history of MRSA in Brazil, including numbers and locations of isolation, as well as types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) found in the Brazilian territory.
Highlights
Outbreaks of nosocomial and community-associated infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported as highly relevant worldwide
The selection of β-lactamase-producing bacteria marked the beginning of the first wave of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which continues today [1]
We present the history of MRSA in Brazil
Summary
Outbreaks of nosocomial and community-associated infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported as highly relevant worldwide. Attention to such pathogenic bacteria increased progressively since the first reports of resistance to antimicrobial agents. In 2018, a program named PAN-BR (National Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazil) was developed [15] It is not specific for the control and monitoring of MRSA, it was designed based on objectives pre-established by organizations, such as the World Health Organization, and aims to apply strategies for the prevention, control, and monitoring of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, including MRSA.
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