Abstract
The history of ideas, which lead to the now matured concept of empirical downscaling, with various technical procedures, is rooted in two concepts, that of synoptic climatology and that of spatial interpolation in a phase space. In the former case, the basic idea is to estimate from a synoptic weather map the regional details, and to assemble these details into a regional climatology. In the other approach, a shortcut is made, in that samples of (monthly, seasonal or annual) large-scale dynamical statistics (i.e., climate) are linked to a sample of local statistics of some variables of interest.
Highlights
The history of ideas, which lead to the matured concept of empirical downscaling, with various technical procedures, is rooted in two concepts, that of synoptic climatology and that of spatial interpolation in a phase space
Empirical downscaling is related to dynamical downscaling, which grew from limited area modeling
In terms of the link to the barotropic stream function (Figure 3), we find the size of cyclonic eddies larger, when both (EOF) patterns prevail in a season, i.e., when there resides an anomalous large and stationary anticyclone in almost the entire northern part of the South China Sea, and an anomalous outward flow through the Luzon strait
Summary
The term “downscaling” was introduced by von Storch et al (1991)—it refers to a statistical approach that relates statistics of large scales to statistics of small scales, or impacts. The embedded storms, cause the accumulation of coastal waters (von Storch and Reichardt, 1997) This indirect statistical link can be more explicitly resolved by including in SCt the expected mean of the smallscale variables (conditioned on the large-scale flow), but instead parameters that describe a full probability distribution or a stochastic process. These parameters are the ones that are conditioned on the large-scale dynamics (Wilby et al, 1999, 2002; Busuioc and von Storch, 2003). Before doing so we discuss the closely related concept of dynamical downscaling
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