Abstract
This paper is a supplement to The Origin of the N-Localizer for Stereotactic Neurosurgery [1] and The Mathematics of the N-Localizer for Stereotactic Neurosurgery [2]. It clarifies the early history of the N-localizer and presents further details of the mathematics of the N-localizer.
Highlights
The N-localizer has become an important neurosurgical tool that has achieved widespread use in modern stereotactic neurosurgery and radiosurgery
The N-localizer produces two circles and one ellipse in tomographic, sectional images that are obtained via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 1)
The relative spacing between the ellipse and the two circles precisely determines the location of the tomographic section relative to the N-localizer [3,4]
Summary
The N-localizer has become an important neurosurgical tool that has achieved widespread use in modern stereotactic neurosurgery and radiosurgery. In October 1978, he presented this frame at a joint meeting of the Western Neurological Society and the American Academy of Neurological Surgeons [5] Following this presentation, additional presentations [6], and disclosures [7], the concept of the N-localizer spread rapidly and inspired its incorporation into three different CTcompatible stereotactic frames that were built in 1979 and reported in 1980: The BrownRoberts-Wells frame [8], a Leksell frame that was modified to render it CT-compatible [9], and a frame that resulted from a collaboration between Pfizer Medical Systems and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (the “UPMC” frame) [10]. This method involved a plate into which were milled vertical slots whose tops lay along a diagonal line (Figure 3). In order to facilitate access to these documents, we have included copies as the appendices (labeled as "figures") to this paper
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