The histology and ultrastructure of the liver of Atlantic croaker Micropogon undulatus L.

Abstract

Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus L., were sampled from an estuary and selected offshore sites in the Gulf of Mexico. Liver samples were collected for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histologically, the Atlantic croaker liver parenchyma was arranged in tubular units. The tubules were similar to those of the primitive marine hagfish but contained unique features such as a central sinusoid and intercellular bile canaliculi. This liver structure may represent an evolutionary step from the primitive tubular hagfish liver to the muralium pattern of higher vertebrates. Pigments which may have occurred from disturbances in the normal oxidative pathways of hepatic lipids were also present in the liver.