Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze why there are hindrances to the development of PGI products in Mexico, based on the case study of dairy farming in the Cienega de Chapala, Michoacan. Currently, local dairy production satisfies the demand of a parastatal company, marginally supplies the local consumption of fresh milk and is the supplier of the input for the production of a typical low-value ranchero cheese with local demand. In addition, there was a negative impact of NAFTA on local products, and it persists with the recent USMCA. However, with further development of collective action of local dairy farmers, it is possible to promote PGIs for the regional market by taking advantage of the opportunity offered by the new labeling policy of the current federal government. The methodology is a combination of qualitative and quantitative; 68 interviews were conducted with dairy farmers in the study area, and MFA and ATLAS.ti software were used. The results highlight that socio-environmental problems and market failures are related to the obstacles such as the lack of collective action of dairy farmers and the absence of a local governance system that regulates the market and promotes quality, food safety and sustainable practices in the territory.
Highlights
Recent analyses of the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic [1] suggest raising the need for adjustments to make food production and consumption sustainable and to encourage reflection on how a PGI good should be linked to a sustainable type of rural territorial development [2]
Michoacan, which are as follows: (1) profile, for which we considered the main characteristics of dairy farmers and the type of livestock management; (2) permanence, for which we analyzed whether being born or living in the territory was culturally relevant in the type of dairy farming practiced; (3) economy, for which we observed the economics of the different types of production systems and their relationship with the milk market; (4)
ATLAS.ti inferred that the profile of the dairy farmer is not a relevant factor and that such profile
Summary
Recent analyses of the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic [1] suggest raising the need for adjustments to make food production and consumption sustainable and to encourage reflection on how a PGI good should be linked to a sustainable type of rural territorial development [2]. In the case of Mexico, the official quality distinction of territorial products has been scarce, as so far only eighteen goods with protected designation of origin (PDO) have been legally recognized, and some of them were so because they were the demands of big business consortiums or of bureaucratic actions that are later exploited by industrial interests for export purposes [3] rather than true recognition of territorial cultural identities and organized peasants. In Mexico, there are obstacles to the development of PDO and PGI goods that hinder the possibility of sustainable territorial development, prevent the consolidation of well-organized local food systems and contribute to the degradation of the environment, putting the conservation of the landscape heritage at risk It is unclear why producers are not organized or not interested in having their products considered as specialty goods. The aim of this paper is to answer the question of why there are hindrances to the development of PGI products in Mexico, based on the case study of dairy farming in the Cienega de Chapala, Michoacan
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