Abstract
ABSTRACTThe survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has increased markedly since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, other morbidities have emerged, including osteoporosis. The estimated incidence of fractures at any site in people living with HIV ranges from 0.1 per 1000 person‐years to 8.4 per 1000 person‐years: at least twice that of people without HIV. This increased risk seems to be related to HIV itself and its treatment. Risk factors for bone disease in HIV‐positive (HIV+) subjects include both classical risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture and factors linked to HIV itself, such as inflammation, reconstitution syndrome, low CD4, ART, and co‐infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The risk of fractures in these individuals can be at least partially assessed by measurement of BMD and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX™). Only alendronate and zoledronic acid have been studied in HIV+ individuals; both show beneficial effects on BMD, although data on fracture reduction are not available. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Highlights
The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were described at the beginning of the 1980s
The etiology of bone changes remains incompletely understood, prospective and cross-sectional studies demonstrate that HIVþ patients have lower BMD and increased fracture risk compared with the general population.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] The aim of this review is to describe what is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and management of bone disease in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
CI, 0.9 to 15.8) than the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures, 20.2%, when evaluated by Xray.[35]. These findings suggest that, as in the general population, most spine fractures in people living with HIV do not come to clinical attention
Summary
The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were described at the beginning of the 1980s. The etiology of bone changes remains incompletely understood, prospective and cross-sectional studies demonstrate that HIVþ patients have lower BMD and increased fracture risk compared with the general population.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] The aim of this review is to describe what is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and management of bone disease in people living with HIV. Shiau and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in 2012.(33) They found
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
