Abstract
Mechanisms of active landslides are continuous processes involving the dynamics of slope failure interacting with the groundwater regime. This process is simulated in phases by combining stability calculations interactively with a seepage analysis to determine the factor of safety for a dormant landslide near Hepburn, Saskatchewan. The landslide is a multiple retrogressive failure with two parallel slip surfaces at different elevations. The slip surfaces are in originally overconsolidated Cretaceous and Tertiary clays softened by shear from glaciation. An artesian aquifer is present at the base of the slip surface, causing saline springs at the base of the valley slope. A residual effective friction angle of 6.7° with zero cohesion was found to best characterize the shear strength of the clays in the failure zone. Potential nets and head profiles from the seepage analysis illustrate the strong influence of changing topography on the groundwater flow system. The present-day factor of safety for the dormant landslide was estimated to be 1.10. Key words: multiple retrogressive landslides, dormant landslide, seepage modelling, residual strength, artesian conditions, glacial drift, Cretaceous clays.
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