The hepatoprotective activity of a new derivative kaempferol glycoside from the leaves of Vietnamese Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels

Abstract

A new derivative kaempferol glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-(2-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl methyl ester (3), together with six other known kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(2-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2), rutin (4), isoquercitrin (5), quercitrin (6), and myricitrin (7) were isolated from the leaves of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae). Here, is the first report described the isolation of compound (1) and (2) from the genus Phyllanthus. Compound (1) presents antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay. Compound (2) and (3) performed no antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays (IC50 > 100 µM). However, compound (2) showed anti-inflammation activity through inhibiting interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production (P < 0.05). Compound (3) also exhibited cytokine modulating activities such as inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha, activating interleukin 10 at concentration of 10 µM (P < 0.05). The interleukin 6 cytokine level was also up or down-regulated by compound (3) at two time points; 24 and 48 h. This activeness of compound (3) might induce hepatoprotection in the acute-phase response by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) through cytokine modulation. Together with other kaempferol glycosides, this new derivative compound may mediate the liver-protective activity of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Phyllanthus acidus.