The helium content and age of the Hyades:

Abstract

We compare the accurate empirical mass-luminosity (M-L) relation based on five Hyades binary systems to predictions of stellar models calculated with various input parameters (helium, metallicity and age) or physics (mixing-length ratio, model atmosphere, equation of state and microscopic diffusion). Models based on a helium content inferred from the enrichment law are more than 3σ beyond the observations, suggesting that the Hyades initial helium abundance is lower than expected from its supersolar metallicity. With the photometric metallicity ( = dex, Grenon [CITE]) we derive . Because of the (Y, ) degeneracy in the M-L plane, the uncertainty grows to if the metallicity from spectroscopy is adopted ( = dex, Cayrel de Strobel et al. [CITE]). We use these results to discuss the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram of the Hyades, in the (MV, ) plane, based on the very precise Hipparcos dynamical parallaxes. Present models fit the tight observed sequence very well except at low temperatures. We show that the HR diagram does not bring further constraints on the helium abundance or metallicity of the cluster. In the low mass region of the HR diagram sensitive to the mixing-length parameter (), the slope of the main sequence (MS) suggests that could decrease from a solar (or even supersolar) value at higher mass to subsolar values at low mass, which is also supported by the modeling of the vB22 M-L relation. We find that the discrepancy at low temperatures (() ) remains, even if an improved equation of state or better model atmospheres are used. Finally, we discuss the positions of the stars at turn-off in the light of their observed rotation rates and we deduce that the maximum age of the Hyades predicted by the present models is ~650 Myr.