Abstract
Hedonic pleasure orientation (seeking enjoyment), hedonic relaxation orientation (seeking comfort), and eudaimonic orientation (seeking meaning) are major ways that people pursue well-being. We investigated the measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the Hedonic and Eudamonic Motives for Activities (HEMA) scale in a Japanese adult sample (N = 1,892). The Japanese HEMA scale demonstrated measurement invariance at the configural, metric, scalar, and strict levels across gender and age groups. Latent mean differences of the scale across these demographic groups were less than small. The scale showed high internal consistency and six-week test-retest reliability and reasonable correlations with life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, psychological well-being, and interdependent happiness. In sum, these findings suggest that the Japanese HEMA scale is useful to capture hedonic and eudaimonic conceptions of well-being as orientations. It is hoped that our findings will stimulate further research on well-being using the HEMA scale.
Highlights
Research on well-being has two different, yet overlapping, perspectives: hedonism and eudaimonism
Confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the whole sample indicated that the three-factor model [χ2 (41) = 473.23, p < 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.937, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.075, and SRMR = 0.051] was better than the two-factor model of the Japanese Hedonic and Eudamonic Motives for Activities (HEMA) scale [χ2 (43) = 1182.52, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.834, RMSEA = 0.118, and SRMR = 0.087]
This study investigated the measurement invariance and psychometric properties, internal consistency, six-week temporal stability, and criterion validity, of the Japanese HEMA scale
Summary
Research on well-being has two different, yet overlapping, perspectives: hedonism and eudaimonism. Huta and Waterman (2014; see Huta, 2016) summarized the literature regarding well-being from these two perspectives in terms of four categories: orientations, behaviors, experiences, and functioning. Orientations shape the direction of a person’s actions and are more fundamental than behaviors representing their specific actions. Compared to experiences (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect, and lack of negative affect) and functioning (e.g., psychological wellbeing), orientations stem more from personal choice, which can be changed if desired or necessary. We focus on orientations to define well-being from the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives
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