Abstract

The energy balance and the resulting water temperature of urban swimming pools has been simulated throughout the summer in Toronto, using standard and derived climatological data, and well known micrometeorological equations of turbulent transer and radiative exchange. For 16 different combinations of sheltering, shading, landscaping and use of solar blankets and solar pool heaters, the results show that the major energy loss from pools is by evaporation during the day and by long wave radiation by night, and these losses can be effectively cut and hence water temperature raised by decreasing the wind, or using solar blankets or solar pool heaters. In the summer climate of Toronto, the best of these methods could increase maximum pool temperature by 3 or 5 K and lengthen the comfortable swimming season from an average of 40 days to 70 or 80 days.

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