The health of latino children in the United States

Abstract

The Latino population in the United States is large and fast-growing, with a high proportion of children relative to other U.S. populations. These demographic trends make it imperative for policymakers to consider health issues for Latino children and families. This article provides an overview of the important health issues for Latino children in the United States. Its aim is not to set out specific policies, but rather to identify factors that are critical to consider in policy development. Factors discussed include current and projected demographic trends; the underlying diversity of the Latino population and its implications for health and health care; significant health issues in each developmental phase of maturation, from infancy through adolescence; and more global issues including limited access to medical care and high rates of uninsured children. Finally, policy implications are outlined. Although comparative data on health status for Latinos and other U.S. populations are limited, available data indicate that Latino children are particularly at risk for communicable diseases, including HIV infection and AIDS, and are especially vulnerable to the environmental risks associated with poverty. Programs aimed at prevention should receive high priority. An “epidemiological paradox” is found in some areas, such as pregnancy outcome, where health status indicators are better than would be expected considering poverty levels. The author concludes that policymakers should focus on increasing access to medical care and on mitigating factors associated with poverty. Further, effective policies should build upon existing social and cultural strengths of the Latino population, such as high labor force participation and high rates of family formation, to help ensure the health of children. — R.E.B.