The Health Care Crisis of Childhood-Onset Bipolar Illness

Abstract

To describe new data on the incidence and impact of childhood- and adolescent-onset bipolar illness and make recommendations to help accelerate the acquisition of knowledge in this area. Two large, multicenter out-patient studies in adults with DSM-IV bipolar disorder-the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder and the Bipolar Collaborative Network-were the primary sources of retrospective data on age at onset. We focused on the 2 retrospective studies because they supplied more immediate data on age at onset and long-term prognosis than current prospective studies. The 2 studies revealed that 15% to 28% of adults experienced an onset of their illness prior to age 13 years. Those with childhood versus adult onset had a more severe, complicated, and adverse course of bipolar illness, assessed retrospectively and confirmed prospectively during naturalistic treatment. The time lag from onset of first symptoms to first treatment was strongly inversely related to age at onset and averaged 16.8 +/- 10 years in those with childhood onset. Recommendations include defining temporary consensus threshold criteria for each bipolar subtype and their prodromes; conducting studies using less onerous than traditional designs, including randomized open comparisons to acquire preliminary data in this age cohort; and forming clinical and academic treatment outcome networks to more quickly acquire treatment outcome data in this understudied population. The data reveal a very substantial rate of childhood-onset bipolar illness, extraordinary delays in onset to first treatment, and a very adverse long-term outcome. Several approaches to accelerating the rate of acquisition of treatment outcome data in this cohort are outlined.